Special Report on Climate Change and Land.However, there is a major lack of available data for these practices currently, so there needs to be further monitoring and data collecting to help improve the accuracy of the models. These land management practices are implemented to understand their biophysical and biogeochemical effects on the forest. Such land management practices can be: forest harvest, tree species selection, grazing, and crop harvest. Furthermore, this new approach to modeling also allows for land management practices to be analyzed in the model. These projections can give researchers a better understanding of what future forest management practices should be employed. However, in recent years there has been a shift away from this modeling towards more of mitigation and adaptation projections.

Traditionally, earth system modeling has been used to analyze forests for climate projections. They also investigate its drivers, identifying global trade affecting agriculture as a main driver. Ī 2021 study estimated, with higher resolution data, that land-use change has affected 17 % of land in 1960-2019, or when considering multiple change events 32 %, 'around four times' previous estimates. Share of the total land surface without and with consideration of multiple changes between six major land use/cover categories (urban area, cropland, pasture/rangeland, forest, unmanaged grass/shrubland, non-/sparsely vegetated land) in 1960–2019. For this reason, it is suggested to conduct RCM ensemble simulations. This is however difficult, particularly for variables, which are inherently noisy, such as precipitation. On regional or local scales, the impact of LUC can be assessed by Regional climate models (RCMs).

The impact of land-use change on the climate is also more and more recognized by the climate modeling community. The land-use sector is critical to achieving the aim of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 2 ☌ (3.6 ☏). It is mandatory for Annex 1 Parties to account for changes in carbons stocks resulting from deforestation, reforestation and afforestation (B Article 3.3) and voluntary to account for emissions from forest management, cropland management, grazing land management and revegetation (B. This decision sets out the rules that govern how Kyoto Parties with emission reduction commitments (so-called Annex 1 Parties) account for changes in carbon stocks in land use, land-use change and forestry. In 2021 the Global Carbon Project estimated annual land-use change emissions were 4.1 ± 2.6 Gt CO2 (CO2 not carbon: 1 Gt carbon = 3.67 Gt CO2 ) for 2011-2020. For comparison, the major source of CO 2, namely emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, amount to 6.3 ± 0.6 Gt carbon per year. conversion of forest into agricultural land) contributes a net 1.6 ± 0.8 Gt carbon per year to the atmosphere.

IPCC estimates that land-use change (e.g. Land-use change can be a factor in CO 2 (carbon dioxide) atmospheric concentration, and is thus a contributor to global climate change. Per capita greenhouse gas emissions by country including land-use change, in the year 2000 according to World Resources Institute

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